Seatbelt Pretensioner:
The seat belt pre-tensioner is one of many actuators involved in a pre-crash safety system. The pre-tensioner aims to secure the occupant safely to their seat by tightening their safety harness or seat belts, to cut back the danger of an injury. By holding the passenger tightly, it prevents them from impacting the wheel or dashboard, or from sliding out of their seat. This also improves the effectiveness of the airbag by allowing the passenger to impact the airbag in an exceedingly controlled and predictable way.
The concept of the safety harness is tightened originated in the 1950s, from a patent that used a tool to secure pilots into their ejection seats before ejection. The Mercedes-Benz S-Class was the primary automobile to implement the pretensioner. In additional recent cars, the pretensioner works in conjunction with a force limiter to secure the passenger while also adjusting the slack throughout the crash, reducing the danger of chest compression and injury because of the safety harness. Some systems will tighten the belt during fast acceleration or deceleration, even within the absence of a crash, like an evasive maneuver.
What are the types of Seatbelt Pretensioner?
Mechanical Tensioner:
The mechanical tensioner is the least common of the three technologies. it’s connected to the belt by an awfully powerful spring, which is compressed and latched in situ. within the case of a right away acceleration/deceleration, the latch is unlocked, and also the spring is released, tightening the safety belt. The disadvantage of this particular technology is that quite common actions can activate the pretensioner, like putting on the safety belt quickly. it’s also usually very difficult if not impossible to reset, meaning you’d presumably replace it after it’s activated.
Electrical Tensioner:
Before the introduction of the pyrotechnic version, the electrical tensioner was the well-liked option. Connected to the ECU, the pretensioner receives a symbol from the accelerometer, sometimes the identical sensor used for the airbag deployment system. When this sensor detects sudden deceleration, it sends an indication that triggers a motor to quickly retract and tighten the belt. Because this technology is linked to a sensor someplace else within the car, it doesn’t have the matter of accidental triggering that the mechanical version does. Also, this kind is that the popular option to use when the pretensioner is activated during an evasive maneuver because of its ability to be reused multiple times.
Pyrotechnic Tensioner:
Currently, pyrotechnic pretensioner is that the commonest version found in modern cars. this is often because they’re considered the foremost reliable of the three. The pyrotechnic tensioner is additionally connected to the ECU and uses an accelerometer found elsewhere within the vehicle. When it receives an electrical pulse, a burster is employed to line off a gas generator. the quantity of gas applies pressure to a mechanical linkage with pulls on the safety harness. The good thing about this technology is that it’s currently the fastest option. However, the downside of this one is that it’s a one-time use, meaning it has to get replaced after it’s activated.
All Types of Seat Belts and How They Work:
- Lap Belts
The lap belt is the oldest and most elementary type of safety harness. it’s a two-point safety harness that straps the rider in, crossing at the hips.
While a lap belt can keep your body from being ejected from a vehicle, it doesn’t offer much protection during a crash. Without support across your torso, the highest half of your body is liberal to flop forward. This leaves your head and neck vulnerable and you’re very likely to be injured during impact.
Lap belts are much less common nowadays, but they’re sometimes still found within the middle rear seat. These days, manufacturers usually put a three-point belt therein position for better safety.
- Shoulder Belts
Also called a sash, the shoulder belt is another two-point safety harness. It restrains the rider across the torso, secured at the shoulder and hip.
This belt design intended to restrain the upper body and stop the kinds of injuries happening in crashes where the rider wore only a lap belt. It only worked well in conjunction with a lap belt, however. Without a lap belt, people often “submarined,” or slid underneath the belt in a very crash.
Because of this, it’s rare to search out these kinds of belts in cars any further. They’ve been replaced by the far superior three-point belt.
- Three-Point Belts
This belt stretches across your torso and your lap, securing you at three fixed points. It’s usually made of one long piece of nylon fabric that stretches over one shoulder to the alternative hip, so across the lap to the opposite hip.
This is the foremost common life belt in modern cars. It successfully combines the security features of the shoulder and lap belt, restraining the complete body. It also spreads the impact of a crash across your torso, reducing the likelihood of injury.
- Automatic Seat Belts
Automatic seat belts were fashionable some decades ago, but are less common now. These were intended to supply the identical protections as three-point belts, but with one more level of convenience.
For these, the shoulder and lap belts were separate. The passenger manually fastened the lap belt, while the shoulder belt automatically slid into place across their body once the car started. the automated belt had a buckle (usually where it attached over the shoulder), therefore the passenger could manually release it if needed.
- Belt-in-Seat (BIS)
The Belt-in-Seat could be a variation of the three-point life belt where the purpose secured above the shoulder is truly within the backrest of the seat rather than the frame of the car.
This design encompasses a lot of appeal in considering both passenger comfort and safety. The fit reduces chafing of the neck and shoulder, which could be a common complaint about shoulder belts and one of all the ill-advised reasons some people don’t wear seat belts. Researchers have also developed BIS sensors which will answer changes in seat angles to higher protect riders during rollovers.
- Five-Point Harness
The five-point harness secures the passenger over both shoulders, at both hips, and between the legs. The straps are buckled into a central position over the chest, which can spread the impact evenly just in case of a crash.
These are most typical in infant car seats. When properly adjusted, they’re one of all the safest types of safety belts out there.
Five-point harnesses were also common in competitive race cars, though six-point harnesses gained prevalence after the death of Dale Earnhardt during a race. (It was thought that his five-point harness may are off-center, contributing to his death.) The six-point harness has a further strap between the legs.
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